Stephen D. Lapan, PhD, is professor in the College of Education at Northern Arizona University and directs its Curriculum and Instruction Doctoral Program. He has conducted research, including program evaluations, and has developed and taught courses in statistics, tests and measurements, program evaluation, action research, introduction to research, and paradigms for research. Currently, he teaches introductory and advanced research courses.

MaryLynn T. Quartaroli, EDD, is project director of the NEXUS Math/Science grant to Northern Arizona University project for Science Foundation Arizona.

She teaches paradigms of research in education and advanced curriculum seminar classes for Northern Arizona University's Curriculum and Instruction Doctoral Program.