RUSSELL D. ARCHIBALD, PMP, Fellow PMI and APM/IPMA, MSc, has held engineering and executive positions in the defense/aerospace, refinery construction and operation, automotive manufacturing, and telecommunications industries. Since 1982, he has consulted in project management to companies and agencies in twelve countries on four continents, and has taught project management principles and practices to thousands of managers and specialists around the world. He is an original founding trustee and member of the Project Management Institute.