Although the term affirmative action stirs hot debate wherever it is mentioned, nearly everyone in higher education would agree that students learn a great deal from one another, and that an economically, ethnically, spiritually, and culturally diverse student body provides a positive educational experience. This issue explores how to achieve that educational goal while complying with confusing and sometimes conflicting laws and judicial pronouncements. The authors clarify the law as it relates to affirmative action in admissions and financial aid; discuss alternatives to race-based methods for achieving diversity; and report on a national study of student affairs programs that have successfully used affirmative action. This is the 83rd issue of the quarterly journal New Directions for Student Services.