ROGER S. PANKRATZ is professor and former associate dean in the College of Education and Behavioral Sciences at Western Kentucky University and director of the Renaissance Group Institution's Partnership for Improving Teacher Quality. During the design of KERA, he served as executive director of the Governor's Council for School Performance Standards, and later as executive director of the Kentucky Institute for Education Research, an independent nonprofit agency created to study and evaluate Kentucky's school reform initiatives. JOSEPH M. PETROSKO is professor of education at the University of Louisville, codirector of the University of Louisville Nystrand Center of Excellence in Education, and codirector of the Kentucky Institute for Education Research.