Foreword xiii

Introduction, Context, and Overview 1

Definitions and Conceptual Framework 7

Major Theoretical Perspectives on Student Success in College 13

Sociological Perspectives 13

Organizational Perspectives 15

Psychological Perspectives 16

Cultural Perspectives 17

Economic Perspectives 19

Summary 19

The Foundation for Student Success: Student Background Characteristics, Precollege Experiences, and Enrollment Patterns 21

Student Demographics 21

Family and Peer Support 29

Academic Preparation and Motivation to Learn 34

Enrollment Choices and Patterns 39

Summary 42

Student Behaviors, Activities, and Experiences Associated with Student Success 43

College Activities 45

A Closer Look at Engagement in Effective Educational Practices 54

Student Characteristics 61

Summary 66

Notes 66

Institutional Conditions Associated with Student Success 69

Structural and Organizational Characteristics 71

Programs and Practices 79

Summary 102

Propositions and Recommendations for Student Success in Postsecondary Education 105

Propositions and Recommendations 106

Needed Research 123

A Final Word 130

Appendix A: Note on Research Methods 131

Appendix B: Indicators of Student Success in Postsecondary Education 133

References 135

Name Index 169

Subject Index 176

About the Authors 181