Peter M. Ginter is Professor of Health Care Organization and Policy in the School of Public Health and Senior Scientist in the Lister Hill Center for Health Policy at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

W. Jack Duncan is Professor and University Scholar Emeritus in Management in the Graduate School of Management and Professor of Health Care Organization and Policy and Senior Scholar in the Lister Hill Center for Health Policy at the School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Linda E. Swayne is Professor, Department of Marketing in the Belk College of Business Administration and Co-Director of the Physicians' Management Institute at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.