Peter Ginter is Professor of Management in the Graduate School of Management and Professor of Health Care Organization & Policy in the Lister Hill Center for Health Policy at the School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

W. Jack Duncan is Professor and Univeristy Scholar in Management in the Graduate School of Management and Professor of Health Care Organization & Policy and Senior Scholar in the Lister Hill Center for Health Policy at the School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Linda E Swayne is Professor and Chair, Department of Marketing in the Belk College of Business Administratioinand Co-Director of the Physicians' Management Institute at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.